Concrete Technology and Practice Analysis

Question: Depict how the properties of the solid blends can decide the presentation attributes, use spreadsheet properties (I. e., capacity to be put into clogged fortification segments, capacity to oppose compressive loads and bowing minutes and capacity to suffer C2 presentation grouping). Answer: For the ideal execution qualities, the properties of the solid blends given in the spreadsheet can be decides in the wake of checking the: - 1. Capacity to be put in to blocked fortification segments: - According to the spreadsheet newly arranged cement have low yield pressure and high thickness. As yield pressure gauges the measure of vitality with which solid streams. Thought about that the solid streams effectively under its own weight that is because of gravity, so its yield pressure ought to be extremely low. Thickness gauges the obstruction of freshly orchestrated concrete to stream as a result of inside grinding. So the strong should have high thickness in order to suspend all out particles in a homogenous manner inside the strong mix with no confinement, over the top passing on, and pointless air development (Mehta and Monteiro, 2005). Anyway due to higher powder substance solid channels not actually the conventional hang concrete and it can in like manner brief shrinkage separating on the from chance that it isn't properly guaranteed and restored, particularly in flatwork. Functionality attributes of newly arranged cement are estimated in four different ways:- Flowability:- This property estimated utilizing droop stream and used to speaks to the capacity of cement to stream into structures through thickly fortified and complex basic components under its own weight however there is a downside with this property that it doesn't propose that every single cement get leveled without anyone else. Tolerability (protection from hindering):- This property quantifies the capacity of cement to stream under its own load through bound spaces, for example, thin separating between strengthening bars and furthermore occupies open spaces in the formwork with no isolation or blocking (Naghoj and Abdel-Rahmna, 2004). Strength or isolation opposition: - This property of the solid is its ability to continue a homogenous arrangement in a new state during and after the procedure of transport and setting. This incorporates both static and dynamic strength. 2. Capacity to oppose compressive loads and bowing second: - Concerning the job of the strengthened solid, it has progressively number of favorable circumstances over the masonary, it can oppose the strain and furthermore the pressure and subsequently it can oppose the bowing. As the given information in the spreadsheet shows that it can give the adequate solidarity to solid structure as per the norms. The vault and the arch are, obviously, compressive structure dynamic structures, the importance of that is it never exposed to the twisting second in light of the fact that for the particular burden design which is substantial for structure dynamic shapes just (Neville and Brooks, 1994). Capacity to suffer C2 introduction grouping: Corrosion is apparently the most notable obvious sign of rot in outside concrete. It has tremendous security recommendations when the convincing district of bracing steel is diminished by change to rust that causes spalling of strong spread. Essential prosperity is progressively fundamental for prestresses concrete taking into account the more vital vulnerability of prestressing checks to utilization and potential for unfortunate frustrations if these strands are exchanged off through substance. The introduction classes fdor conditions that need disintegration security of fortress are: C0 (Not Applicable) This kind of solid will be dry and will be shielded from dampness in administration. C1 (Moderate) This sort of solid will presented to outer wellspring of chlorides however will be presented to the dampness in the administration. C2 (Severe) In this sort the solid is progressively presented to chlorides and furthermore to the dampness in administrations from deicing synthetic compounds, salt, seawater, shower and harsh water from these sources. (Schneider and Chen, 2005) For Class C2 the framework master is advised to pay thought on the obvious front of concrete to the bracing steel. For prestressed concrete, the Code especially necessitates that the spread be extended significantly. In strengthened concrete growing the spread ought to be balanced with the potential for extended and progressively broad parts. End In finishing up the entirety of the above realities I arrived at the resolution that the information on which the examination has been done depends on the spreadsheet that has been given. As indicated by the decision of the solid blends in the given record the decision of blend B is choosen. There are sure properties like the properties which are utilized to decide the exhibition attributes dependent on the air stockpiling, chamber and droop. The choice of the solid blend B will give enough solidarity to the structure of the structures and extension deck will give enough insurance against sulfate and help the structure to remain for long time. References Abdel-Razik. 2004. Covering assurance of stacked R.C. sections against raised temperature, in: International Conference, Future Vision and Challenges for Urban Development, Cairo, Egypt, Kodur, L.A. Bisby, M.F. 2004 Green, Fire perseverance of FRP-fortified strengthened solid sections, in: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Concrete Under Severe Conditions, Seoul, Korea. McCoy, W. J. 2002 Mixing and restoring water for concrete.Significance of tests and properties of concrete and solid creation materials,STP 169-A. pp.515521. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. Mehta, P. K. what's more, Monteiro, P.2005.Concrete: microstructure, properties, and materials. third ed, 135136. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. Naghoj, N. M. what's more, Abdel-Rahmna, N. 2004 Enhancing the presentation of cement exposed to salty seawater.Admixtures upgrading concrete performance,the worldwide gathering, Dundee, Scotland, UK. London: Thomas Telford. pp.3540. Neville, A. M. what's more, Brooks, J. J.1994.Concrete innovation, England: Longman Scientific and Technical.

Patient Raymond Nguyen for Respect and Information-myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about thePatient Raymond Nguyen for Respect and Information. Answer: Presentation Care focused on patients alludes to the wellbeing which is exceptionally deferential and receptive to different inclinations, qualities and requirements of the purchasers and patients. The extensively acknowledged components of the consideration focused on the patients are enthusiastic help, regard, data, physical solace, and correspondence, change and congruity, association of carers and family, care coordination and access to viable consideration (Hill, Hall Glew, 2017). Different explores exhibit that care focused on quiet and makes esteem added for administrations to the general population. At the point when the managers of medicinal services alongside patients, families and give work in community oriented organization, the security and nature of human services builds, the costs decline and the fulfillment of the supplier increments. This outcomes in increment of the consideration experience of the patient in the long run. In any sort of occupation, it is essential to have great foundation in regards to compelling correspondence between the patients and the attendants or the other clinical carers. Having a compelling correspondence between the patients and wellbeing carers is significant in the Nursing condition as there is managing of different parts of life of a patient (Alligood, 2017). In this task, there has been conversation on the manners by which attendants and clinical experts utilize the expert relational abilities for building up a remedial relationship with patients. In such manner, the instance of Raymond Nguyen is examined for which the manners by which compelling relational abilities will be built up through verbal and non-verbal correspondence mode alongside the part of documentation. Circumstance Raymond Nguyen is a multi year old male conceived in Vietnam which later moved to Australia in the year 1979 as pontoon individual. Having this essential data preceding his arrangement, he must be treated with methods of patient-focused consideration. Before having a gathering with Raymond Nguyen, the medical attendant or the assessor must be alert, arranged and helpful attitude. The nursing care that must be given to Raymond Nguyen requires a profoundly powerful correspondence built up between the medical caretaker and him that will be done through valuing the uniqueness of life history envelops and impacts the human services encounters of Raymond Nguyen (Levett-Jones, 2013). The standards under which guiding and social insurance arrangement will be given to Raymond Nguyen incorporates nobility, compassion, decision, regard , straightforwardness , self-governance and an unequivocal want to give help to him to accomplishing the wellbeing conditions and life that he wished to have. Foundation During the guiding meeting, it has been gotten that Raymond Nguyen doesn't have any caring sensitivities and had a propensity for smoking for around 42 years which he had as of late left. By setting up great and solid verbal correspondence with Raymond Nguyen, compelling medicinal services can be given to him. This would fundamentally start with the utilization of English as the language for correspondence. The medical attendant needs to utilize a tone that is alleviating and quiet which would give a sentiment of solace to Raymond Nguyen (Almajali, Masa'deh Tarhini, 2016). Concerning the non-verbal specialized techniques, Raymond Nguyen should be given encouraging touch by causing him to sit in seat or helping him while pulling up a chair in the clinical reason. The outward appearance of the attendant while giving counsel to Raymond Nguyen should be quiet and well disposed. Eye to eye connection must be kept up to cause him to feel quiet and responsive. According to Parahoo (2014), the medical caretaker needs to watch the statement of Raymond Nguyen to pick up cognizance about his psychological circumstance (Parahoo, 2014). The distinction between the reaction of the Raymond Nguyen to any question and the outward appearance that he has while responding to the inquiries must be seen so as to give him powerful directing and social insurance (Holloway Galvin, 2016). Appraisal Considering Raymond Nguyens way of life which is has been following for an exceptionally prolonged stretch of time the documentation of the cooperation of the considerable number of discussions and counseling between the attendant or clinical carer and Raymond Nguyen must be accomplished for future reference (Chnevert, et al., 2013). This will likewise help with overseeing explicit data and information concerning wellbeing of Raymond Nguyen (Nieswiadomy Bailey, 2017). The interview that the attendant or the clinical experts would give to Raymond Nguyen would be regarding the age, liquor utilization and food propensities for Raymond Nguyen. The discussion or interview that would be given to Raymond Nguyen would be in direction of making him fitter and dynamic by fusing a system of gentle exercise or exercises, for example, playing with his grandkids (Durairaj Ranjani, 2013). By taking part in specific sort of physical action, he will have brought levels of worry down to a critical degree. He should be instructed in regards to taking consideration concerning him in little manners, for example, utilizing sunscreen while going out with his grandkids. As indicated by Mosadeghrad Ferdosi (2013), attendants or clinical advisors need to make the recommendation with respect to drawing in a cook who might deal with planning home prepared dinners to him. This ways he will not be skirting his morning meal and would have nutritious food at home (Mosadeghrad Fe rdosi, 2013). The attendants or clinical carer would need to archive all the discussion in an electronic recorder which will help with keeping up a register for putting away all the important data in regards to specific medicinal services routine to Raymond Nguyen (Flores, et al., 2013). The electronic recorder that would be utilized with the end goal of documentation can be utilized by Raymond Nguyens little girl and other relatives while dealing with him. This ways his drinking propensity can be managed (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). Proposal Conclusion In the exposition, the noteworthiness of directing documentation of clinical guiding is expressed. The wellbeing condition and necessity of Raymond Nguyen is surveyed in the task. There has been reflection on the standards which must be thought of while assessing or leading meeting of wellbeing to Raymond Nguyen. Further, the verbal and non-verbal correspondence conduct that must be kept up while furnishing Raymond Nguyen with clinical counsel has been audited. This paper has helped with picking up inside and out investigation of different components and the manners by which the guiding must be given are expressed. The noteworthiness of having an appropriate documentation in such manner has been expressed. References Alligood, M. R. (2017).Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Almajali, D. A., Masa'deh, R. E., Tarhini, A. (2016). Forerunners of ERP frameworks execution achievement: an examination on Jordanian human services sector.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,29(4), 549-565. Chnevert, D., Jourdain, G., Cole, N., Banville, B. (2013). The job of hierarchical equity, burnout and responsibility in the comprehension of truancy in the Canadian human services sector.Journal of Health Organization and Management,27(3), 350-367. Durairaj, M., Ranjani, V. (2013). Information mining applications in medicinal services area: a study.International diary of logical innovation research,2(10), 29-35. Flores, M., Glusman, G., Brogaard, K., Price, N. D., Hood, L. (2013). P4 medication: how frameworks medication will change the human services area and society.Personalized medicine,10(6), 565-576. Slope, R., Hall, H., Glew, P. J. (2017). Essentials of Nursing and Midwifery: A Person-Centered Approach to Care. Holloway, I., Galvin, K. (2016).Qualitative research in nursing and medicinal services. John Wiley Sons. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Levett-Jones, T. (2013). Basic Conversations for Patient Safety. : Pearson Australia. Recovered from https://www.ebrary.com Mosadeghrad, A. M., Ferdosi, M. (2013). Authority, work fulfillment and hierarchical responsibility in human services area: Proposing and testing a model.Materia socio-medica,25(2), 121. Nieswiadomy, R. M., Bailey, C. (2017).Foundations of nursing research. Pearson. Parahoo, K. (2014).Nursing exploration: standards, procedure and issues. Palgrave Macmillan.

Regulators Caution Consumers About National Loan Insurance Scam - OppLoans

Regulators Caution Consumers About National Loan Insurance Scam - OppLoans Regulators Caution Consumers About National Loan Insurance Scam Regulators Caution Consumers About National Loan Insurance ScamInside Subprime: September 16, 2019By Lindsay FrankelA nationwide loan scam has claimed at least four victims so far, including a Johnson City, Tennessee man who lost $18,000 to fraudsters. The scam targets consumers seeking privately-funded home, auto, or even construction loans. The Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance, along with other state regulators, is warning consumers to beware of a lender who requires that borrowers purchase a “Loan Payment Protection Insurance” policy.Credit insurance is designed to protect the loan by covering monthly bills in the event that the borrower becomes disabled or unemployed. While this type of insurance can be advertised to you, lenders can’t generally require that you purchase it. In this scam, the perpetrators insisted that the victims purchase the policy as a condition of receiving the loan.The scammers stole the first victim’s identity and used it to commit fur ther fraud. As a result, the first victim, a California resident, told CBS13 that at least a dozen other possible victims contacted him through LinkedIn.The scammers are allegedly reaching out to customers who have searched for a loan online. In order to feign legitimacy, the perpetrators have impersonated the California Department of Insurance, providing borrowers with a certificate of insurance. The borrower’s name appears on the certificate, along with a policy number. It is signed by “Authorized Signatory California Department of Insurance” and contains the Great Seal of California.But the California Department of Insurance doesn’t issue loan insurance policies or certificates. It instead regulates the insurance industry.Sources inside the department have said this elaborate scheme may trick even savvy borrowers. Insurance is not an uncommon product marketed to borrowers, so it may not seem suspicious to the victims. But if a scammer asks you to wire money, that should r aise a red flag. Other warning signs include:The lender guarantees your approval, regardless of your credit history.  The lender is not registered to do business in your state. To find out if the lender is registered, contact your state’s attorney general’s office.  The lender doesn’t list a physical address on its website or documentationThe lender doesn’t have a secure websiteThe lender contacts you instead of the reverseThe lender requires upfront payment before you are approvedThe lender pressures you to pay quicklyAn insurance policy on a loan is usually optional, according to the Federal Trade Commission. The agency suggests finding another lender if the one you are working with puts pressure on you to purchase a policy. It’s also illegal for a lender to include an insurance policy in your loan without your permission.So far, victims have lost almost $100,000 to the scam. If you believe you’ve been a victim or have any information regarding the scam, contact the Ca lifornia Department of Insurance at 800-927-4357.Learn more about payday loans, scams, and cash advances by checking out our city and state financial guides, including Florida, Illinois, Chicago, Ohio, Texas, and more.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Age and Gender Stereotyping in Television Commercials Free Essay Example, 750 words

These female characters mostly differ from real character traits. Characteristics of female models are shaped by men s fantasies in order to attract male consumers. Females in these commercials are mostly described as sex objects instead of a whole human being. This concept goes along with the cultivation theory because female viewers see unrealistic beauty and thinness portrayed on television and then start becoming dissatisfied with their own bodies. As a result, females, as well as young teenagers, are starving themselves to death and choosing to get plastic surgery. After watching the 17 commercials based on food, medication, cars, and also two coffee commercials from the 1960s onwards, we came to the conclusion that many commercials share a common theme. This theme is that women must be beautiful and extremely thin, and advertising uses sexism to make images of ideal beauty more prevalent and increasingly unattainable. The images inflicted upon us in many commercials are ba sed on a patriarchal dominated society. Males dominate over females and all other family members as well. In this type of society, males are more likely to be employed than females. We will write a custom essay sample on Age and Gender Stereotyping in Television Commercials or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The male role is identified as being independent, aggressive, instrumental, and respected. Moreover, women and men are portrayed as stereotypically as they were in the 1960s.

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The History of Film Editing - 1382 Words

My grandpa is always talking about how much movies have changed with time. His favorite movie, E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial, is an example of how editing and special effects have changed drastically since 1982 and even before that. Watching a movie from this year compared to a movie from the 1930s, you would notice many differences. In the beginning, there was no digital technology to edit films. There have also been important contributors to help evolvement in film editing. In the process of editing film, there are some common editing techniques that have been used ever since film started. The way you edit a scene can also affect the mood and feeling of it. Although the editing of filmmaking has changed a lot over time, there are many reasons for the cause of this including humanities drastic evolvement in technology. In the beginning, there was no digital technology to edit films. The initial editing of all films was done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film work print. This was done by physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer, which was a Moviola, flatbed machine or Steenbeck. The 2 Video Tape Recording System (VTR) created by Ampex Corp. was introduced in 1956. This device was also called the splicing block. The user of the machine was able to view the splice point through a microscope. The machine also had a cutting blade that was mounted across the guide to be able toShow MoreRelatedThe Technique Of Film Video Editing History Theory And Practice1100 Words   |  5 PagesTechnique of Film Video Editing History Theory and Practice we can clearly see how editing has changed from the earliest films, when editing was nonexistent to a time when the camera never moved when shooting a scene to a time where you can use montage concepts to make a film more dynamic for the viewer. These were all different stages editing has gone through to get to the point where can use editing as a story telling tool which is just as important as the any other part of creating a film. EdwinRead MoreThe Principles of Non-linear Digital Editing Essays564 Words   |  3 PagesThe Principles of Non-linear Digital Editing In this report I am going to be explaining the principles of non-linear digital editing, including information on the history of editing, and the purpose of editing using software. I will also be explaining the advantages and disadvantages of digital editing and what should be expected from a well-editing video. The very first films were not edited at all, they consisted of one single shot and they were usually very shortRead MoreBirth Of A Nation By D. W. Griffith1076 Words   |  5 Pagesis a silent film epic which made by D. W. Griffith in 1915. Basically, this 3 hours racial melodrama brilliantly chronicles the story between the Northern Stoneman family and the Southern Cameron family who both experienced the Civil War and Reconstruction. However, this film still remains highly controversial ever since it made. Once people mention this film today, the primary concern automatically ignores everything and focuses on how extremely Racial this film has been. In this film, Griffith simplyRead MoreCinematography Is an Integral Part of Motion Pictures Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesWithin this context, Russell Carpenter’s role as the cinematographer of the film Titanic is important. For instance, his attitude towards cinematography, especially his tireless effort to attain perfection contributed to the success of the film. In the film, Carpenterâ⠂¬â„¢s co-operation with art department and visual effects department deeply influenced his role in the film as a cinematographer. During the production of the film, Cameron’s initial idea did not clash with Carpenter’s personal idea on cinematographyRead MoreAnalysis Of Quentin Tarantino s The World Of Inglourious Basterds 1306 Words   |  6 PagesBasterds as a product of his imagination (Gilby 175). If one had watched the film, he can see that the film is based on the real World War II setting as it portrays actual key figures - Hitler, Goebbels, and Churchill - and events around that time, such as German occupation in Paris and the Holocaust. Even though the film uses actual World War II setting, the story as a whole is a pure fiction. The film is a fictional alternate history of two different, but intertwined plots to assassinate Hitler. In realityRead MoreFilm Review On The Film Cinema 1673 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the history of cinema, a never-ending evolution in technological progression – paired with filmmakers’ resourcefulness and ingenuity – allowed for the development of style and encouraged a more involved craft, thus giving individual films a specific personality which therefore eased the process of discerning which piece of cinema was created by which filmmaker. 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The Edison Manufacturing Co, with the estimated budget of $150, produced The Great Train Robbery. Directed by Edwin S. Porter the film has a runtime of 11 minutes, with an aspect ratio of 1:33:1. The film was printed on 35mm hand coloured film and ran at 18 (FPS). The film was later released on DecemberRead MoreThe Great Train Robbery And The Narrative Structure Of Silent Cinema1168 Words   |  5 Pagesof $150, produced The Great Train Robbery. Directed by Edwin S. Porter the film has a runtime of 11 minutes, with an aspect ratio of 1:33:1. The film was printed on 35mm hand coloured film and ran at 18 (FPS). The film was later released on December 1st 1903; the majority of the film was shot in New Jersey, USA. A fantastic linear narrative storyline accompanied The Great Train Robbery upon release, with interesting editing, sophisticated camera work and a satisfying finale. 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Social and Emotional Skills Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Social and Emotional Skills Management. Answer: Introduction Sometimes one may ask why we need a personal support system. When things are not going well or when one is not feeling that great there is certainly need for a support system and encouragement. For those people who need to make it on your own without another person help, it may be challenging to battle the uphill (Accorsi, Manzini Maranesi, 2014). There is certainly much wisdom , experience along with insight that can be obtained from the friends , family or even the colleagues who have been there and have learnt what it would take in order to prevail . The social support is widely seen as the perception in which actuality that is cared for and they could receive help from the others. The workers themselves normally have a set of requires that is a part of the psychological contract of the workers. It is precisely how the workers needs which establishes the capacity for the good human relations in addition to the optimum productivity at the work (Accorsi, Manzini Maranesi, 2014). T his is discussed rarely or maybe implemented as one rushed about doing the tasks as opposed to building on the relations. It is necessary for one to establish the personal support system, regardless of whether at the work and in the personal life. The social support, whether or not from the trusted group or even valued persons continues to be seen to reduce on the psychological consequences of the stress, and it could enhance the immune function. The social network aspect whether it is formal or even informal could provide a sense of the belonging, security as well as the community (Power Sharda, 2009). There has been a strong tie which exists between the social support and the measure of the well-being. Those individuals that have a personal relationship usually cope much better with the numerous stressor components that could include the bereavement, loss of job or even the illness. Therefore when one has a personal support system is exceptionally important in order to maintain o nes good physical as well as the mental health. In this task 2, it encompass a map of the support system, which will included the stressors and the supports. There are symbols, diagrams which represent all things about me and the individuals who support me and block me. The picture also shows that a compassion since am able to connect with the other groups emotionally which is very crucial in building of strong relationship, and to have a more than a superficial interactions (Kadushin Harkness, 2014). When one what others what we want for ourselves and they care truly of our well-being it offers an amazing foundation when it comes to making the real connections. I have also commitment to the relationship I have with others. When one is committed to the other groups there is essentially a dedication as well as allegiance which offers a stable plans as well as goals for the future (Seaward, 2013). On the professional aspects based on my picture it highlights that this is the main stress in life (Jones, Bouffard Weissbourd, 2013). I always love what I do but the need to perfect on what am doing gives me anxiety. This is an issue in regards to my work and to grow professionally has been a shortcoming especially since am not good with my money and some times the bills go unpaid. In my personal support system it has various support groups such as the family, friends, workers and enemies who have blocked me to success. These individuals one way one another have impacted my life positively or negatively (Power Sharda, 2009). Friends and family: these groups of individuals have been supportive in my life as well as effective in my support system. The encompassing symbol shows a strong positive connection which exists which means that these individuals have always supported me in my life and they are always there to offer any assistance either emotionally and financially (Jones, Bouffard Weissbourd, 2013). When one has a significant individuals as the support system could be extremely useful. Expecting one individual to carry a load of support to you can be awful a lot to ask. I have these individuals who love and support me. Nonetheless, there is no relationship which is conflict free but most of the time we always solve our issues. Enemies who have blocked me. As far as my success is concerned there have been individuals who have blocked me and I regard anyone who does not which the best of me as an enemy of my success. Over the years I have had individuals who have significantly be little me and I have felt they are significant I my support system since without them I would have not gotten the drive to forge forward. Workers: The work has been the main stress in my life since I do love what I do, but my need in perfecting what I do has been causing a lot of anxiety. This has significantly impacted negatively on not meeting the housing bills which go unpaid. In this encompass symbol it shows a stress connection on the same because of the issues which are occurring in my life (Jones, Bouffard Weissbourd, 2013). In this support system it reflect an adequate level to the support next year fieldwork placement (Kadushin Harkness, 2014). This is because it contains various support group that impacts on my live in one way or another and they could help impact strong positive connections which will help me achieve significantly in my life as well as the duties I will undertake. The type of support which is missing is the employment training. This level is significant in a number of ways before I could go for the fieldwork placement. When it comes to the work training the employer could organize training whereby he could hire trainers who could help empower on the various aspect when it comes to the fieldwork (Jones, Bouffard Weissbourd, 2013). This might challenging for one to engage but with the right training it will be much easier when it comes to achieving and accomplish the various duties assigned and be able to meet the target which have been set. The support which is positive in my part and which I would like to maintain is that of the family and the friends especially those who have been with me during the times when things were not going well. These are the relationship which are nurturing every day and each member individual are connecting to the support system (Sarason, 2013). When it comes to the families they could offer the housing support, the income support as well as the quality of the other connections. The whole family and the friends unit level to the connectedness especially to the external world particularly in the areas where there is deprivation of resources and they need to be mobilized as well as strengthened. Conclusion In this task 2, it has examined on the drawing of personal support system that incorporates the supports and the stressors. There are encompassing symbols which have been incorporated to stress the level of the connection between the supports. Additionally, it has also examined on various questions which are related to the support system. References Accorsi, R., Manzini, R., Maranesi, F. (2014). A decision-support system for the design and management of warehousing systems. Computers in Industry, 65(1), 175-186. Jones, S. M., Bouffard, S. M., Weissbourd, R. (2013). Educators' social and emotional skills vital to learning. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(8), 62-65. Kadushin, A., Harkness, D. (2014). Supervision in social work. Columbia University Press. Power, D. J., Sharda, R. (2009). Decision support systems. In Springer handbook of automation (pp. 1539-1548). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Sarason, I. G. (Ed.). (2013). Social support: Theory, research and applications (Vol. 24). Springer Science Business Media. Seaward, B. L. (2013). Managing stress. Jones Bartlett Publishers.

Organizational Behavior †Motivation Essay Example Essay Example

Organizational Behavior – Motivation Essay Example Paper Organizational Behavior – Motivation Essay Introduction MGMT 2008 – Organisational Behaviour Motivation Theory Throughout the Caribbean, managers are continually challenged to motivate a workforce to do two things: work towards helping the organization achieve its goals, and to work towards achieving their own personal goals. In order to successfully do this, they must first properly understand the concept of motivation. The Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary defines a motive as â€Å"something (a need or desire) that causes a person to act. Motivation, in turn, is defined as the act or process of providing a motive that causes a person to take some action. In most cases motivation comes from some need that leads to behavior that results in some type of reward when the need is fulfilled. Thus, managers have the responsibility of making employees willing to exert high levels of effort, sufficient to achieve their personal needs as well as the organisation’s goals. Psychologists have studied human motivation extensive ly and have derived a variety of theories about what motivates people. These include theories that focus on motivation being a function of 1) employee needs of various types, 2) extrinsic factors, and 3) intrinsic factors. One major needs-based theory was that of Abraham Maslow which focused on satisfying the needs of employees to keep them motivated. Maslow (1954) proposed a hierarchy of needs that progresses from the lowest, subsistence-level needs to the highest level of self- actualization. Once each level has been met, the theory is that an individual will be motivated by and strive to progress to satisfy the next higher level of need. Basically this hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. This hierarchy is most often isplayed as a pyramid with the most basic needs at the lowest levels of the pyramid, while the more complex needs are located at the top. Those needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security. Organizational Behavior – Motivation Essay Body Paragraphs As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the eed for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential, located at the tip of the pyramid. Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are referred to as deficiency needs (also known as D-needs), meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. The highest-level of the pyramid was termed as growth needs (also known as being-needs or a-needs). Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person. Frederick Herzberg (2003) and his ‘Two Factor Theory further modified MasloWs needs theory and consolidated down to two areas of needs that motivated that deal with Job context and lead to Job dissatisfaction (company policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, salary, status, and security); while motivators are those factors that deal with Job content nd lead to Job satisfaction (achievement, recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility and growth or advancement). Herzberg’s findings revealed that certain characteristics of a Job are consistently related to Job satisfaction, while different factors are associated with Job dissatisfaction. The conclusion he drew is that Job satisfaction and Job dissatisfaction are not opposites. The opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction and the opposite of dissatisfaction is no dissatisfaction. Remedying the causes of dissatisfaction will not create satisfacti on. Nor will adding the factors of Job satisfaction eliminate Job dissatisfaction. In order to adequately motivate employees, managers must first removed the sources of Job dissatisfaction and subsequently and those of satisfaction. The search for needs- based motivation theories also leads to McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory, which surrounds the idea that needs are acquired throughout life. That is, needs are not genetic, but are learned or developed as a result of one’s life experiences (McClelland, 1985). This theory stipulates that there are three major types of needs, hich are the need for achievement (which emphasizes the desires for success, for mastering tasks, and for attaining goals); the need for affiliation (which focuses on the desire for relationships and associations with others); and, the need for power (which relates to the desires for responsibility for, control of, and authority over others). All of these theories approach needs from a somewhat dif ferent perspective and are helpful in understanding employee motivation on the basis of needs. However, other theories of motivation also have been posited and require consideration by managers in compiling motivational strategies. Another approach to understanding motivation focuses on external factors and their role in understanding employee motivation. Best known for this is B. F. Skinner’s (1953) Reinforcement Theory which studied human behavior and proposed that individuals are motivated when their behaviors are reinforced. His theory is comprised of four types of reinforcement. The first two are associated with achieving desirable behaviors, while the last two address undesirable behaviors. Positive reinforcement’ relates to taking action that rewards positive behaviors; ‘avoidance learning’ occurs hen actions are taken to reward behaviors that avoid undesirable or negative behaviors. This is sometimes referred to as negative reinforcement. ‘Pu nishment’ includes actions designed to reduce undesirable behaviors by creating negative consequences for the individual; and, ‘extinction’ represents the removal of positive rewards for undesirable behaviors. Theories that are based on intrinsic factors focus on internal thought processes and perceptions about motivation. Examples of these kinds of theories include Adam’s Equity Theory which proposes that individuals are otivated when they perceive that they are treated equitably in comparison to others within the organization (Adams, 1963); Vroom’s Expectancy Theory which addresses the expectations of individuals and hypothesizes that they are motivated by performance and the expected outcomes of their own behaviors (Vroom, 1964); and, Locke’s Goal Setting Theory which hypothesizes that by establishing goals individuals each of these theories deals with a particular aspect of motivation, studies have found it unrealistic to address them in isolation, since these factors often do come nto play in and are important to employee motivation at one time or another. Other approaches to motivation are driven by aspects of management, such as productivity, human resources, and other considerations. The most famous theory in this regard is McGregor’s Theory X and Theory. Created by Douglas McGregor, this approach again draws upon the work of Herzberg and develops a human resources management approach to motivation. This theory first classifies managers into one of two groups. Theory X managers adopt an authoritarian style and generally believe that the verage person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she can; therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives; and the average person prefers to be directed, to avoid responsibility, is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. Theory Y managers, on the other hand, take a participative management app roach and believe that effort in work is as natural as work and play; people will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of unishment; commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement; and people usually accept and often seek responsibility. Altogether, whilst all of the aforementioned theories are helpful in understanding management and motivation from a conceptual perspective, it is important to recognize that most managers draw upon a combination of needs, extrinsic factors, and intrinsic factors in an effort to help motivate employees, to help employees meet their own personal needs and goals, and ultimately to achieve effectiveness and balance within the rganization. Managers should take into account most of the aspects upon which these theories focus, namely expectancy, goal setting, performance, feedback, equity, satisfaction, and commitment for example, when they are developing a motivational strategy for their employees. The literature which surrounds motivation theory suggest a wide range of strategies for managers to implement in seeking to help motivate employees. First off, managers should expect the best from their employees as persons tend to live up to the expectations they and others have of them. (Manton, 2005, p. 292). They should also seek to reward desired behaviours and ensure that rewards are not given for undesirable behaviors and be sure to use many different types of rewards to achieve the desired outcomes (Manton, 2005, p. 295). Allowing subordinates to take responsibility for their own motivation is another strategy. This can be achieved by managers taking steps to deal with problem employees, to understand employees’ needs, to determine what motivates their employees, to engage employees in the problem-solving process, and to really work hard at resolving, rather than ignoring, difficult employee problems (Ni cholson, 2003). Additionally managers show seek to play to the employees’ strengths, promote high performance, and focus on how they learn. This requires them to know what their employees’ strengths and weaknesses are, to find out what will be required to get specific employees to perform, and to understand how to capitalize on the ways those employees learn as an alternative method of encouraging and motivating them (Buckingham, 2005). Motivating an employee is a delicate task. Caribbean managers effectively put them in practice. Should these managers place more focus on roviding their employees with sufficient extrinsic rewards for desired performances, there is an increased likelihood that said employees will become motivated. However, creating an environment which facilitates employees’ satisfaction of intrinsic needs, is equally as important in motivating employees and keeping them motivated. References The Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary Herzber g, F. (2003, January). One more time: how do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review. Locke, E. A. , Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Maslow, A. H. 1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper Row. McClelland, D. C. (1985). Human motivation. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley. Adams, J. S. (1963, November). Towards an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. Manton, J. (2005). From management to leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Nicholson, N. (2003, January). How to motivate your problem people. Harvard Business Review. Buckingham, M. (2005, March). What great managers do. Harvard Business Review. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior – Motivation Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior – Motivation Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior – Motivation Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Legal And Ethical Issues Involved In Sentencing Mentally Disordered Offenders

Legal And Ethical Issues Involved In Sentencing Mentally Disordered Offenders Free Online Research Papers Legal And Ethical Issues Involved In Sentencing Mentally Disordered Offenders. An Evaluation of Current Legislation and Legislative Proposals In Light Of These Concerns ABSTRACT This Research Paper provides background on the ethical and legal plight of sentencing mentally disordered offenders and highlights some of the issues which have generated comment or concern. It will study the current legislation on sentencing the legally insane, evaluating both local and international law in an effort to capture the concept behind the legislation. At the end of the paper the aim will be to offer well researched legislative proposals that seek to modify the issues highlighted. INTRODUCTION It’s a fact that most people can attest to knowing a mentally ill person. The proximity of the relationship may or may not be close but it shows that the mentally ill are as much a part of society as the mentally sane in a great way. They are referred to as crazy, retarded, demented and insane; the names society brands them with are quite as many as they are crude and highlight just how little most people understand about the mentally ill. BACKGROUND The earliest explanation of what we now refer to as psychopathology involved the possession by evil spirits and demons. Many believed, even as late as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that the bizarre behavior associated with mental illness could only be an act of the devil himself. To remedy this, many individuals suffering from mental illness were tortured in an attempt to drive out the demon. When the torturous methods failed to return the person to sanity, they were typically deemed eternally possessed and were executed. There is limited evidence by which to judge the existence or nature of mental disorders in early man prior to written records although there is evidence from Neolithic times of the practice of trepanation , possibly as an attempt to cure ailments which may have included mental disorders. Limited notes in an ancient Egyptian document known as the Ebers papyrus appear to describe disordered states of concentration and attention, and emotional distress in the heart or mind. Ancient Hindu scriptures known as Ramayana and Mahabharata contain fictional descriptions of depression and anxiety states. Mental disorders were generally thought to reflect abstract metaphysical entities, supernatural agents, sorcery or witchcraft. Among the Chinese Mental disorders were treated mainly under Traditional Chinese Medicine by herbs, acupuncture or emotional therapy. Some ancient Greek scholars proposed that disease was caused by an imbalance in four humors of the body. Hippocrates, influenced by humoral theory, proposed a triad of mental disorders termed melancholia, mania and phrenitis . He spoke of disorders such as phobia, and is credited with being the first physician to reject supernatural or divine explanations of illness. He believed that disease was the product of environmental factors, diet and living habits, not a punishment inflicted by the gods, and that the appropriate treatment depended on which bodily fluid, or humor, had caused the problem. He objected to speculation about the etiology of madness (that it was seated in the heart and diaphragm or phren) and favored instead close behavioral observation. Plato argued that there were two types of mental illness: divinely inspired mental illness that gave the person prophetic powers and a second type that was caused by a physical disease. Aristotle, who studied under Plato, abandoned the divinely-caused mental illness theory, and proposed instead that all mental illness was caused by physical problems. Socrates considered positive aspects of mental illness including prophesying; mystical initiations and rituals; poetic inspiration; and the madness of lovers. Physician Celsus argued that insanity is really present when a continuous dementia begins due to the mind being at the mercy of imaginings. He suggested that people must heal their own souls through philosophy and personal strength. He described common practices of dietetics, bloodletting, drugs, talking therapy, incubation in temples, exorcism, incantations and amulets, as well as restraints and tortures to restore rationality, including starvation, being terrified suddenly, agitation of the spirit, and stoning and beating. Most, however, did not receive medical treatment but stayed with family or wandered the streets, vulnerable to assault and derision. Accounts of delusions from the time included people who thought themselves to be famous actors or speakers, animals, inanimate objects, or one of the gods. Under Islam, the mentally disordered were considered incapable yet deserving of humane treatment and protection. For example, Sura 4:5 of the Quran states Do not give your property which God assigned you to manage to the insane: but feed and clothe the insane with this property and tell splendid words to him. Some thought mental disorder could be caused by possession by a djin (genie), which could be either good or demon-like. There were sometimes beatings to exorcise djin, or alternatively over-zealous attempts at cures. In Christian Europe madness was often seen as a moral issue, either a punishment for sin or a test of faith and character. Christian theology endorsed various therapies, including fasting and prayer for those estranged from God and exorcism of those possessed by the devil. Thus, although mental disorder was often thought to be due to sin, other more mundane causes were also explored, including intemperate diet and alcohol, overwork, and grief. Today the actual definition of mentally ill remains somewhat unclear, containing elements deriving from different periods in the development of psychological and psychiatric study. In psychiatry mental disorder is defined as a significant impairment of an individual’s cognitive, affective and/or relational abilities which may require intervention and may be a recognized, medically diagnosable illness or disorder. There are several types of mental illnesses. The symptoms and treatment of each vary from type to type. Mental disorders vary in severity some are mild and some so severe they interrupt with the daily activities of the sufferer making life quite difficult. Treatment also varies with some, therapy and counseling is sufficient but with others medication is needed with the counseling, some may even require hospitalization as they are a danger to themselves and to those around them. There are generally accepted four types of mental illnesses . 1. Organic brain disorders. 2. Mood and anxiety disorders. 3. Personality disorders. 4. Psychotic Disorders STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Mental illness can have a devastating effect on an individual, his or her family and friends and on the community in many ways. How it affects the individual is obvious, reduced ability to care for oneself, strong negative emotions, distorted thoughts, inappropriate behavior, and reduced ability to maintain a relationship are only a few possible outcomes. On friends and family, it can be a major responsibility to care for someone suffering from a mental illness, the emotional and behavioral components of some illnesses can be very difficult at times to understand and to deal with. Mental illness also affects the community due to the high incidence of homelessness and unemployment in some serious disorders such as schizophrenia. These are the obvious effects of mental illness, but there are less obvious effects due to the misperception of the mentally ill. When most people hear the term mentally ill, many think of severe cases and associated these individuals with bizarre behavior, violence, and a lack of caring about themselves and the world. In this sense, people with mental illness are in most cases almost dehumanized. They are avoided and feared. Herein lays the problem. Their treatment by society and by the law needs to be re-examined. A mentally ill person can, in extreme cases, be a threat to society. Major criminals are often found to be mentally unstable in most cases. This leads to public hazards as the individual engages in covert behavior, trying to put in order what he or she sees as disordered. There are many public and social problems imposed by the mental illness. These include incapacitation of individuals incapable of their own basic needs. They have disrupted family relations, often due to burdens of care, disruption of ordinary day-to-day activities or threats of harm. They also have disruptive influences in society and may be public nuisances and may engage in offensive and antisocial behavior posing threat to the lives and safety of others. Mentally retarded criminals are especially vulnerable and frequently taken advantage of during legal proceedings. Because of their limited cognitive abilities, unreliable memories, and characteristic suggestibility, it is very difficult for these defendants to comprehend abstract legal concepts and to assist in their own defense by helping their lawyers to develop the facts of the case. Those who suffer from mental retardation are at times eager to please, especially persons of authority, as well as unable to cope with stressful situations. As a result, many even make false confessions. In addition, because mentally retarded individuals are unable to understand the proceedings, it is not uncommon that the defendants alienate judges by smiling, sleeping, staring off in court, or otherwise acting in a way that may be interpreted as callous and unremorseful. Others with mental retardation are ashamed of their disabilities and try to hide them, preventing their defense and the judge from fully appreciating the effect their condition has on their conduct. Mentally retarded defendants, especially those who are not financially well-off, are often represented by ineffective counsel; courts often appoint advocates who are â€Å"too inexperienced, overworked, or uninterested† to properly defend their clients. Finally, mentally retarded defendants face bias in the criminal justice system- including, the police, defense advocates and judges - who are vastly ignorant of the nature and significance of mental retardation, are often more concerned with the political and professional consequences of obtaining a â€Å"victorious† sentence than seriously considering the effect this. There is, therefore, concern that sane persons might find themselves stripped of certain basic rights. The aim of this paper is to highlight the ethical discrepancies in law that haunt the sentencing of the mentally ill. JUSTIFICATION The objectives of sentencing can be summarized as retribution, deterrence and rehabilitation . Retribution is satisfied when the assailant is successfully sentenced as a punishment for his wrongs. It’s based on the notion that he owes a measure of suffering to those he wronged and thus deserves punishment. Deterrence seeks to move all other men to conform to social norms. He serves as an example to the rest, that if they don’t comply to the law they will be punished. Rehabilitation is the most important objective; teaching the wrong doer that he made a mistake and through his imposed sentence help him better himself to be able to live among society. Sentencing the mentally ill poses a difficult ethical and moral problem; most human beings have the will to choose between right and wrong once they step outside these limits blame and punishment may be imposed upon them. We cannot blame or impose punishment upon those lacking responsibility. At the same time the wronged person may feel the person pardoned by the law as a result of his insanity as having gotten off easy. There needs to be some sort of balance. All men may be equal before the law but as it is in the case of a child who commits a crime, the mentally disordered are hardly capable of understanding the full extent of their actions. Punishing them without considering their condition is quite unethical and doesn’t fulfill any sense of moral judicial victory. The mentally ill are defined in law as persons lacking the required degree of intelligence, reasoning power and foresight of consequence. If they were held criminally responsible he would be made to suffer harsh sanctions without serving the purpose of individual deterrence. It might also fail to serve general deterrence in that most men won’t be able to identify with the offender as he is so different from most men that the crime can be attributed to the difference. On retribution the individual is seen to act as a result of forces beyond his control. He is less likely to be blamed than to be helped to restore balance between him and society. He is seen as sick rather than evil and as a result of his illness. If a man cannot make the calculations or muster the feelings demanded of him deterrence can only be effective with persons who can understand signals directed to them by the law. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The issue is the question of fairness the sense that it’s unjust and unfair to stigmatize the mentally ill as criminals and punish them for their crimes. The criminal law exists to deter and to punish those who would or who would choose to do wrong. If they cannot exercise choice, they cannot be deterred and it’s unethical to punish them. The mentally ill may have the element of actus reus but they lack the mens rea needed. In situations where mens rea is existent it is of a highly diminished level such that they should not be judged on the same note as a man in his full mental capacities. The mentally disordered are entitled to be held responsible for their actions, but their conditions may be relevant in sentencing and might result in mitigation on grounds of less moral blameworthiness, or aggravation because of constituting a danger to the public. The legal system should accommodate them. LITERATURE REVIEW The following literature was relied on. I. Blackstone’s Criminal Practice 2006 This book focuses on criminal practice in the U.K it gives a breakdown of criminal law setting out the elements of criminal law, defenses, sentencing guidelines and penalties. It’s extremely useful on studying the similarities and differences between Kenyan and U.K sentencing law. II. Criminal Law Text And Materials C.M.V Clarkson And H.M Reating 4th Edition C.M.V Clarkson and H.M.Reating deal with the basics of criminal law. The book gives information on criminal law defenses delving into the defense of mental illness from the perspective of different authors and judgments from different judges III. Mental Health Act U.K 1983 The Mental Health Act 1983 makes provision for the compulsory detention and treatment in hospital of those with mental disorder. The Act is in ten parts, among them Application of the Act (the scope) Compulsory admission to hospital and Guardianship Patients concerned in criminal proceedings or under sentence Consent to treatment IV. Mental Health Act U.K 2007 Although the structure of the Mental Health Act 1983 remains intact, some significant changes have been made to it by the 2007 legislation. They include: ? The introduction of a simplified definition of mental disorder that will apply throughout the Act, and the abolition of the current four separate categories of mental disorder ? A requirement that appropriate treatment must be available if patients are to be subject to detention or the new provisions for supervised treatment in the community ? The introduction of supervised community treatment, which will be available for patients following an initial period of detention and treatment in hospital ? The replacement of the Responsible Medical Officer with a Responsible Clinician, who need not be a consultant psychiatrist (but must be an ‘approved clinician’) ? The replacement of the Approved Social Worker with an Approved Mental Health Professional; in addition to registered social workers other mental health professionals will be able to take on the role of AMHP after suitable training V. Mental Health Act L.O.K 1991 The Mental Health Act Cap 248 seeks to consolidate and amend the laws relating to persons suffering from mental disorders for the custody of their persons, management of their estates; for management and control of mental hospitals; and for connected purposes. Section 38 of the act which deals with court procedure merely gives provisions on the court session being proceeded on camera VI. Criminal Procedure Act The Criminal Procedure Act provides if the defense of lunacy is adduced at the trial or if it appears to the court, in so far as finding the accused guilty is concerned that he did the act but was insane so as not to be responsible for the act or omission the court makes a verdict of guilty but insane. When such a finding is made the court is required to make a report to the president. In the meantime the accused is remanded in custody. The president or minister may order such person to be detained in a mental hospital or prison or such suitable place of custody Research Papers on Legal And Ethical Issues Involved In Sentencing Mentally Disordered OffendersArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Canaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMind TravelGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on Children

Palestine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Palestine - Essay Example Under these techniques the Israeli Government restricted the citizenship for population of East Jerusalem; they also demolished the illegal houses. Government limited the city budget, and most of it evacuated the Palestinians who were living at West Bank. Due to these actions of the Government, people of Palestine felt threat to their homes and simultaneously their livings. Government in 2002 established a Separation Wall around East Jerusalem, this Wall separated the relations. People living inside the barrier were forced to be divided and had to disrupt their connections with the people left outside. This caused difficulty for the people of Palestine because many had to end-up their relations, businesses were highly affected, many had to face economic downfall, a lot lost their jobs, transportation problems etc. Before this partition East and West Jerusalem were one .i.e. all the operations were inter-related, and thus after the Partition daily lives of Palestinians is badly affected. The ways to enter or exit the East Jerusalem, there are check-points to pass where the passengers have to face strict inspections. These inspections have become the reason for the development of negative feelings regarding distress and degradation among the people. People avoid passing that passage because it causes disruption in their daily life (Spencer, 76). Restriction of Construction has caused the people of East Jerusalem to remain with their old homes and buildings. This has become a barrier for the businesses .i.e. no more buildings. One major difficulty is that families are expanding and the space is becoming congested. As a result there can be seen an increasing number of migration towards the cities at East, such as Al-Ezariyya and Abu-Dis. People migrate in-order to find peace and quality of life, but due to the restrictions of passing through Wall and strict

Discuss what is mean by Universal Grammar. How does the process of Essay

Discuss what is mean by Universal Grammar. How does the process of language acquisition provide evidence for Universal Grammar. give concrete examples. What ot - Essay Example As usual, "the company" now has an earlier deadline than they had given me, despite them still not having given me the entire chapter, so I hope you're not late. Best, anon Trask (1995) presented two types of evidence in support of Chomsky's theory that the innate condition of the human brain at birth explained language acquisition, a process that occurs without effort or direct or indirect teaching in children. First, despite the differences in the experiences of children within and across cultures, in deaf and hearing children, and in those who are and are not mentally retarded, the same stages in the same order occur in acquiring language. Second, in support of the role of the human brain at birth, there is evidence that those who have not been exposed to a language past a "critical period" of 12 or 13 years have not been able to learn the rules of a language. Trask (1995) reviewed evidence supporting "universal grammar," a phrase describing Chomsky's revolutionary theory of psycholinguistics, i.e., there are linguistic universals (commonalities among all languages), the human brain is equipped at birth for the acquisition of language, and thus children acquire language without either direct or indirect instruction. ... over the history of human existence, it is disingenuous to describe the demise of the Skinnerian operant-conditioning model (referred to by Trask as the "imitation-and reinforcement model,", p. 140) as occurring "not so many years ago" or, more dramatically, "in recent years" (p. 140). One could provide pages of citations to support recognition of the brief time course of Chomsky's "revolution," but Pinker, himself a giant in psycholinguistic theory (Rondal, 1993), should suffice (interview, Rondal, 1993). Chomsky's theory of language acquisition (beginning in 1959, cited in Pinker's interview, Rondal, 1993) quickly relegated (unusual in the social sciences) to a chapter in the history of psychology the then-accepted Skinnerian operant-conditioning theory that babies learn language by reinforcement of language imitations. Because most humans have observed babies and young children, it is understandable that social scientists, among others, would have recognized the essential correctness of implicating the brain at birth - by comparing, for example, their own struggles in learning a second language, even if in surroundings where the second language was spoken, with the ease with which children not only acquire a first language, but with the ease with which immigrant children, compared to their parents, acquire a second language. Understanding why the theory that language developed as a function only of experience was accepted in the first place requires recognizing the virtual destructi on of experimental psychology caused by the prior "behaviorist revolution" - which virtually outlawed even the thought of innate dispositions (Watson, 1919, as cited in Hunt & Ellis, 2004). In this way, one might think of Chomsky, not to minimize his genius, trained in linguistics,

Bob likes cheese Essay Example for Free

Bob likes cheese Essay In these pages a few years ago, I reported on some of my findings at having reached very old age. I was then in my early 90s. Five years further down the hill, I have a few more matters to note. Certainly I have not gained in wisdom, but due to so little physical activity and fewer social goings-on, I have begun to inhabit the static house of my head. To my surprise I find it a somewhat well-furnished abode, occupied with what I remember, have heard recently, and observed. Ernest Hemingway boils things down to the essentials, his friend William Faulkner lets the pot boil over, spilling onto the stove, down onto the floor, and maybe somehow catching the kitchen on fire. With Faulkner we can feel the vines tangling, the magnolias blooming, the plants around Emilys house breeding, helping to hide her from the harshness of the world she lives in, a world in which she doesnt really belong. This tangling of blooming and breeding is replicated in the fancy words and long, complicated sentences for which Faulkner is famous. Part of lushness is that other side of nature, the side we might not want to look at, and the side thats in store for everything in nature: death and decay. Faulkner never neglects this side (certainly not here), and with every blooming rose, he gives us a rotting one, too. The lushness is also ironic, and perhaps a reaction against a lack of lushness. We know that although Emilys place was probably lush and overgrown, she never went outside to enjoy it, and only rarely even let in the light from outside. The story not only celebrates a lush life, by representing its opposite, but also cautions us against alienating others, against pushing others to hide from the light of life. Next Page: Whats Up With the Title?

Free Essay on Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter - Good vs. Evil :: Scarlet Letter essays

Good vs. Evil in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is a wonderful and not so traditional example of the good versus evil theme. What makes this a unique instance of good versus evil is that either side could be considered either one. Hester could very easily have been deduced as evil, or the "bad guy," as she was by the townspeople. That is, she was convicted of adultery, a horrible sin of the time. As for punishment, a sentence to wear a scarlet "A" upon her chest, it would hardly be considered a burden or extreme sentence in present day. Another sin that Hester committed was the fact that she never told who the father of her child, Pear, forcing her to be without a father. Hester's silence also caused Dimmesdale to live in torture every day. Chillingsworth was also hurt by Hester's act of adultery and because of her, his life was destroyed and the only thing he could do was seek revenge against the man who had been with her. Hester's child Pearl had to be raised by only one parent and that caused the child to be less disciplined and more outrageous making the townspeople more suspicious of who the child's father was. It also caused the religious leaders to wonder about the religious stability of the child, and if there might be witchcraft involved, "The little baggage have witchcraft in her"(p112). Hester also caused numerous a sleepless night for Dimmesdale. If Hester had just announced that Dimmesdale was the father he would have never have lived through all the guilt that she forced him into. Dimmesdale was a weak and frail man because of Hester's silence. Chillengsworth was pushed into a life of revenge and anguish since Hester had betrayed their marriage and Chillengsworth's trust in her. She had turned Chillengsworth into a fiend, "I have already told thee what I am, a fiend!" (P169). Hester admitts to causing Chillengsworth into becoming the fiend as well. The guilt rests solely on Hester Prynne for destroying not just her own life from this sin but also of many other people such as the minister Dimmesdale, the physician Chillengsworth, and her own daughter Pearl. Free Essay on Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter - Good vs. Evil :: Scarlet Letter essays Good vs. Evil in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is a wonderful and not so traditional example of the good versus evil theme. What makes this a unique instance of good versus evil is that either side could be considered either one. Hester could very easily have been deduced as evil, or the "bad guy," as she was by the townspeople. That is, she was convicted of adultery, a horrible sin of the time. As for punishment, a sentence to wear a scarlet "A" upon her chest, it would hardly be considered a burden or extreme sentence in present day. Another sin that Hester committed was the fact that she never told who the father of her child, Pear, forcing her to be without a father. Hester's silence also caused Dimmesdale to live in torture every day. Chillingsworth was also hurt by Hester's act of adultery and because of her, his life was destroyed and the only thing he could do was seek revenge against the man who had been with her. Hester's child Pearl had to be raised by only one parent and that caused the child to be less disciplined and more outrageous making the townspeople more suspicious of who the child's father was. It also caused the religious leaders to wonder about the religious stability of the child, and if there might be witchcraft involved, "The little baggage have witchcraft in her"(p112). Hester also caused numerous a sleepless night for Dimmesdale. If Hester had just announced that Dimmesdale was the father he would have never have lived through all the guilt that she forced him into. Dimmesdale was a weak and frail man because of Hester's silence. Chillengsworth was pushed into a life of revenge and anguish since Hester had betrayed their marriage and Chillengsworth's trust in her. She had turned Chillengsworth into a fiend, "I have already told thee what I am, a fiend!" (P169). Hester admitts to causing Chillengsworth into becoming the fiend as well. The guilt rests solely on Hester Prynne for destroying not just her own life from this sin but also of many other people such as the minister Dimmesdale, the physician Chillengsworth, and her own daughter Pearl.

One Proposed Maxim as a Universal Law Essay

1. State your proposed act as a maxim: â€Å"I will take ZAR 620 000 000.00 (A) when I’ve done a year’s work (C) in order to get really, really rich (E).† 2. Restate this maxim as a universal law; â€Å"All people (7 billion of them) will take ZAR 620 000 000.00 when they’ve done a year’s work in order to get really, really rich.† 3.Ask whether your maxim is conceivable in a world ruled by the universal law; In a real world if individuals earned 620million for a years worth of work there are bound to be huge increases of income and spending going around the markets. A downfall of the economy will occur due to business halt in the competing of prices. People will be greedy and will want everything that money could possibly buy which will result in shortages of products and services. Market demand and supply will cease to exist. In conclusion, this maxim is not conceivable in the real world ruled by universal law. 4. Ask whether you would rationally act on your maxim in such a world. IF I had to earn 620million one years worth of work, I would honestly be over indulging and over spending money on unnecessary material items and food. Eventually I would be following an unhealthy lifestyle resulting in many health related problems like stress, obesity and so forth. Of course I would be really rich! But what would my purpose be thereafter? I therefore would never act rationally in such a world. Step 2: Form an opinion On the basis of your analysis, answer the following questions: †¢What would Kant probably have said about Whitey Bassons (or you) earning ZAR 620,000,000.00? (You might want to do a bit of research into the nature of Whitey Basson’s 2010 earnings). According to Kants theory this would be categorized as morally binding. A talented guy like bassoon is terribly rare. I think that this earnings would be seen as an imperfect duty, because this depends on the preference of humankind. Whitey Basson cultivated his own talent by investing his good education and remarkable people skills into building the business and making it the most successful one today. Kant would therefore accept the earnings for whitey has not stolen from anyone or broken any rules. He reaped the rewards of his benefits. †¢What do you think about Whitey Basson (or you) earning ZAR 620,000,000.00? However, It is unfair to look at them as one year’s income, as those were earned over 40 years. So he deserved to be paid a huge amount for his enormous talent and knowledge in  growing the business into a successful one. They make 50m-60m sales a month in seven jurisdictions. It is fair to be rewarded for such hard work and dedication but not in such large percentage increases especially when the state of the economy is not as rapid as the percentage increase in income. †¢Why do you think this? These figures make no sense of the argument that companies need to pay such vast amounts in order to retain top skills, because more than 20 of the top 100 highest paid executives in 2010 are no longer in their positions today. According to a source â€Å"Figures proved that South Africa was a rich country, but the distribution of that wealth left just 20 people owning R112.2 billion, while 48 percent of South Africans were living below the poverty level of R322 a month. Sixteen percent of employed workers earned less than R500, 33.4 percent earned less than R1 000 and 60 percent earned less than R2 500 a month†

The Great Gatsby - 1205 Words

English Essay Ââ€" The Great Gatsby The main theme of the novel The Great Gatsby focuses on the American Dream and it is portrayed through the life of Jay Gatsby. Through Gatsbys life we see the withering of the American Dream, a tragedy that struck Jays near finished dream. The American Dream is what many have hoped of achieving, it has existed in the past and is in the present. The American Dream gives people a goal that they can work towards, it also gives them a purpose in life. The American Dream represents luxury and wealth it believes the goodness of the quality of life. For Jay Gatsby, he was so close to achieving the American Dream. He had the wealth and the class, all he needed was his long lost love, Daisy. Gatsby truly†¦show more content†¦Generally speaking, the American Dream is mostly achieved by people of the higher class, the people who reside in the East Egg. It is a lot easier for high classed people to achieve the American Dream, because they already have the social connections from the sch ools they attended when they were young. They already have the wealth that they received through the generations. With this in mind they what your look at Jay Gatsbys life he didnt really have social connections nor the family wealthy. He learned all the skills and inherited the money from a close friend. This makes the plot of the story even more tragic because Jay is from a lower-medium classed society and if he succeeds in achieving the American Dream he would inspire many people. However, the fact he was so close but he didnt, it made his dream contemptuous. To achieve the American Dream is typical in many peoples lives. Everyone at one point in their life has wanted to be wealthy or to be happy and to have a perfect family. However, to some the American Dream is more than a dream, many have tired a lifetime in achieving it but was never able to succeed. To others they believe theres nothing to live for and if they dont achieve the American Dream, For example when Mr. Wilson lost Myrtle he gave up the hope of achieving the American Dream because he had lost one of the mostShow MoreRelated Great Gatsby1497 Words   |  6 PagesIn chapter 3 of The Great Gatsby Nick is invited to one of Gatsby’s extravagant parties. He arrives only to find he doesn’t know where Gatsby is, and then he runs into Jordan Baker. Together they set off to find Gatsby and they head to the library where they find â€Å"Owl Eyes†, a drunken man trying to get sober. After talking to â€Å"Owl Eyes† for awhile they head outside again where Nick unknowingly starts a conversation with Gatsby. After revealing himself, Gatsby tells Jordan that he would like to speakRead MoreThe Great Gatsby1168 Words   |  5 Pagesone must be born into it. Therefore in The Great Gatsby, by F-Scott Fitzgerald, Gatsby fails to join the old money club because he exhibits his wealth to society. Gatsby possessions provides an indicator that he purchases items with eye appeal and flashiness which Old money typically never buys in order to impress or show off to others. They prefer to buy small non-noticeable items that skilled eyes will only know the true value of the merchandise. Gatsby on the other hand purchased a huge houseRead MoreThe Great Gatsby2449 Words   |  10 PagesI glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a single green light Possibly F. Scott Fitzgeralds masterpiece, The Great Gatsby is not just a magnificent story, but a lesson of societys flaws during the roaring 1920s. Fitzgeralds story creates an atmosphere of superficiality, dissatisfaction and dishonesty by the description of each character. With the economical growth, and the immoral society of the 1920’s ultimately brought corruption to desire of the American Dream and the chanceRead MoreThe Great Gatsby806 Words   |  3 Pagesthey smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money...and let other people clean up the mess they had made... (P. 179). During the 20s, many peoples American dream was to go out, party and be free, the roaring 20s. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an explanation of how people acted. People went to parties, lived in luxurious homes, criticized each other, and wanted to achieve their dream by trying to live it. The Wilson marriage is a failure because its one-sidedRead MoreThe Grea t Gatsby647 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand the book. Endings of books are usually there to bring the novel to a close and deliver a life lesson at the end. All of the concepts and themes are in the body of the book and are well presented depending on the author. 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The device of giving Nick the function of narrator lends psychic distance from the story. Nick is part of the action, yet he is not one of the principals. He shares some of the emotions and is in a position to interpret those of the others. However, the happens are not center on him. 2. What kind of relationship exists between Nick and the Buchanans? It is completely superficial. He speaks of themRead MoreThe Great Gatsby 565 Words   |  2 PagesIn the book The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Daisy Buchanan is a perplexing character. She is charming and pretty, yet her personality is almost robotic. Daisy has no sincere emotions; she only knows social graces and self-preservation. A materialistic society makes Daisy a jaded person who lacks any real depth. Gatsby remembers Daisy as the pretty girl from North Dakota he fell in love with when he was in the military. 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Although this novel tells a fictional tale, it also gives readers a window into the social and economic environment of America in the time period following World War I. For this reason, The Great Gatsby is considered one of the most important examples of Modernism in American literature. The Modernist themes in this novel come